ABSTRACT
@#Abstract: Objective The purpose of this study is to find out the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of male patients with condyloma acuminatum (CA) in Liaocheng area, as well as to improve the understanding of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and put forward targeted prevention and treatment measures. Methods The clinical data of 159 male CA patients who admitted to Liaocheng People's Hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were collected, and the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, infection sites, HPV gene subtypes and other information were analyzed retrospectively. Results Most of the 159 CA patients (range from 15 to 77 years old) were 31-40 years old (31.45%, 50/159), more than half of them had smoking history, and more than 60% had low income (<5 000 yuan/month), multiple sexual partners (≥2) and no condom use habit, 70.44% of the patients had prepuce long combined with prepuce balanitis. 91 cases (57.23%) were single infection, 102 cases (64.15%) were simple low-risk HPV infection. The analysis of risk factors between mixed infection and simple low-risk infection found statistically significant differences in age≤ 40 years old, unmarried, or less affected by education duration of 15 years or less, engaged in the business or service industry, the number of sexual partners or 2, knew not to clean and not to use condoms, while differences in smoking history, alcohol history, monthly income level, and age at first sexual intercourse were not statistically significant. Low-risk HPV6 and/or HPV11 were detected in 139 cases (87.42%). Fifty-seven patients (35.85%) were infected with at least one high-risk HPV. 72.33% of the patients had multiple warts, and the most common sites were around the coronal sulcus and frenulum of the penis Conclusions The incidence of multiple infections and high-risk subtypes is high in male CA patients in Liaocheng area, and most of the patients have low income, low education level and multiple sexual partners. Strengthening the treatment and education follow-up of this population may contribute to the treatment and prognosis of male CA in this area.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the value of combined determination of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease （MELD） score， albumin-bilirubin （ALBI） score， and β2-microglobulin in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis with acute kidney injury （AKI）. MethodsClinical data were collected from 258 patients with liver cirrhosis who attended The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2019 to October 2022， and according to the presence or absence of AKI， they were divided into AKI group with 117 patients and non-AKI group with 141 patients. The changes in each index were compared between the two groups and between the patients with different stages of kidney injury. The independent samples t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups， and a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups； the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups， and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison between multiple groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was plotted to evaluate the efficacy of each index in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis with AKI. ResultsCompared with the non-AKI group， the AKI group had significantly higher age （t=2.307， P=0.022）， proportion of patients with hepatic encephalopathy （χ2=18.064， P<0.001） or with spontaneous peritonitis （χ2=16.397， P<0.001）， mortality rate （χ2=45.251， P<0.001）， levels of creatinine （Z=-8.737， P<0.001） and β2-microglobulin （Z=-8.829， P<0.001）， and scores of CTP （Z=-4.058， P<0.001）， ALBI （t=2.563， P=0.011）， and MELD （Z=-5.628， P<0.001）， as well as a significantly shorter length of hospital stay （Z=-3.391， P=0.001）. There were significant differences in creatinine， β2-microglobulin， MELD score， and ALBI score between the patients with stage 1， 2 or 3 AKI （P<0.05）， while there was no significant difference in CTP score between these three groups （P>0.05）. The combined determination of ALBI score， MELD score， and β2-microglobulin had an area under the ROC curve （AUC） of 0.837 （95% confidence interval ［CI］： 0.782 — 0.892）， with a sensitivity of 75.2% and a specificity of 90.8%； ALBI score combined with MELD score had an AUC of 0.700 （95%CI： 0.636 — 0.764）， ALBI score combined with β2 microglobulin had an AUC of 0.823 （95%CI： 0.765 — 0.881）， and MELD combined with and β2 microglobulin had an AUC of 0.835 （95%CI： 0.779 — 0.890）， suggesting that combined determination of ALBI score， MELD score， and β2-microglobulin had a better diagnostic efficacy than ALBI score， MELD score， or β2-microglobulin used alone or in pairs， as well as a better diagnostic efficacy than creatinine. ConclusionCombined determination of ALBI score， MELD score， and β2-microglobulin has a relatively high value in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis with AKI.
ABSTRACT
Asiaticoside is a compound extracted from traditional Chinese medicine Centella asiatica, and mainly used in wound healing and scar repair in clinical, with notable efficacy. However, its poor transdermal absorption and short action time restrict its wide application. In this experiment, the reserve-phase-extrusion-lyophilization method was conducted to prepare the lyophilized asiaticoside-loaded flexible nanoliposomes (LAFL). Its characteristics including electron microscope structure, particle size, Zeta potential, entrapment rate, drug-loading rate, stability and drug release were determined with the intelligent transdermal absorption instrument. LAFL were white spheroids, with pH, particle size and zeta potential of 7. 03, 70. 14 nm and - 36. 5 mV, respectively. The average entrapment rate of the 3 batch samples were 31. 43% , and the average asiaticoside content in 1 mg lyophilized simple was 0. 134 mg. The results indicated that LAFL have good physicochemical properties and pharmaceutical characteristics, with an improved transdermal performance.